Ask Your Gastroenterologist

Complete Guide to Liver Transplant Surgery

Liver transplant surgery is a lifesaving intervention for individuals with end-stage liver disease or liver failure. In Singapore, medical advancements and experienced experts have made the surgery safer and more successful. If you or a loved one are being recommended for this procedure, one of the first steps is to seek out the proper liver transplant surgeon in Singapore.

What Is Liver Transplant Surgery?

Liver transplant surgery is the process of replacing a diseased liver with a healthy one from a donor. The donor could be:

Deceased donor – liver donated after death.
Living donor – a section of the liver donated by a healthy individual, usually a relative.

As the liver can regrow so strongly, living donor transplants are becoming more frequent.

When Is Liver Transplant Surgery Recommended?

Physicians may advise a liver transplant in the case of:

End-stage liver disease (cirrhosis)
Chronic hepatitis B or C complications
Liver cancer confined to the organ
Genetic or metabolic liver disorders
Acute liver failure

Consultation with a liver transplant surgeon in Singapore aids in determining whether surgery is indicated.

How Do You Prepare for a Liver Transplant?

Medical evaluation: blood tests, imaging scans, and health evaluations.
Lifestyle changes: alcohol avoidance, balanced diet, and exercise if feasible.
Support system: preparing the family and caregivers for the recovery process.

The Liver Transplant Surgery Process

Pre-surgery preparation – fasting, medications, and admission.
The procedure – surgery may take 6–12 hours, wherein the diseased liver is replaced.
Post-surgery care – careful monitoring in the ICU, then usual ward recovery.

What to Expect After Surgery

Hospital stay usually lasts 2–3 weeks.
Patients are prescribed lifelong medications (immunosuppressants) to avoid rejection.
Regular follow-up with your liver transplant surgeon in Singapore is essential for long-term success.

Risks and Complications

Like any major surgery, there are risks:

Infection
Organ rejection
Complications of the bile duct
Medication side effects

Early diagnosis and continuous medical treatment minimize these risks.

Success Rates and Outlook

With expert liver transplant surgeons in Singapore and advanced facilities, survival rates improve every day to day. Most patients resume normal daily routines and live a healthy quality life post-recovery.

Choosing the Right Liver Transplant Surgeon in Singapore

When choosing a specialist, take into consideration:

Experience and credentials in liver transplant surgery.
Association with reputable hospitals or transplant units.
Eligibility for continuing post-operative care and support.

Conclusion

Liver transplant surgery is a complex but potentially life-saving procedure that can bring health back and enhance the quality of life. Through consultation with a qualified liver transplant surgeon in Singapore, patients can obtain top-level care from assessment to convalescence.

Liver Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Liver cancer is among the most prevalent cancers globally and tends to occur in individuals suffering from chronic liver disease. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve prognosis. Collaboration with a skilled liver cancer specialist guarantees that patients are provided with appropriate care personalized to their needs.

What Is Liver Cancer?

Liver cancer arises when cells within the liver become abnormal and grow uncontrollably. The most prevalent form is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although other types like intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma may also occur.

What Causes Liver Cancer?

Risk factors that predispose one to develop liver cancer include:

Chronic hepatitis B or C infection
Cirrhosis due to alcohol use or fatty liver disease
Family history of liver cancer
Some genetic or metabolic disorders

Getting a consultation with a liver cancer specialist is helpful in identifying risks early and observing for changes.

What Are the Symptoms of Liver Cancer?

Liver cancer may not have noticeable symptoms in its early stages. As it becomes more advanced, it often presents with the following sign:

Abdominal pain or swelling
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
Loss of appetite

How Is Liver Cancer Diagnosed?

Physicians may order:

Blood tests Blood tests (e.g., alpha-fetoprotein levels)
Imaging scans like ultrasound, CT, or MRI
Biopsy for confirmation

A liver cancer specialist will walk patients through these tests to establish the optimal treatment plan.

What Are the Treatment Options for Liver Cancer?

The treatment varies with the stage of the disease, general health, and liver function. Choices include:

Surgery: A liver cancer surgeon can remove part of the liver (resection) or have a liver transplant if necessary.
Ablation or embolization: Treatments to kill or cut off blood flow to tumors.
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy: New treatments that target cancer cells with less harm to healthy tissue.
Radiation therapy: Reserved for certain situations to manage tumor growth.

Why See a Liver Cancer Specialist?

Proper diagnosis and staging
Access to new treatments and technology
Personalized treatment plans
Regular monitoring and follow-up care

Selecting a skilled liver cancer surgeon is key to enhancing survival rates and quality of life.

Living with Liver Cancer

Treatment of liver cancer is more than just medical intervention—it includes lifestyle change, emotional support, and frequent follow-ups to ensure good health. Patients are also advised to participate in support groups and closely collaborate with their care team.

Conclusion

Liver cancer may be a difficult diagnosis, but with proper treatment from an experienced liver cancer specialist, patients are able to receive proper treatments and supportive care. Early detection and early medical advice make all the difference.

Pancreatic Cancer vs. Pancreatitis: Key Differences in Symptoms and Diagnosis

Pancreas is an important organ that has an important role to play in digestion and regulation of the blood glucose. Pancreatic diseases, however, can be hard to identify since they are similar. The two most dangerous pancreatic diseases are pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis. Although the two illnesses happen in the same organ, the two diseases are different. Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease, and pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease which can be fatal. Since the symptoms usually overlap, early proper diagnosis is extremely important.

Major differences in terms of the causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and why pancreatic cancer needs to be diagnosed earlier than pancreatitis are discussed in this essay.

Understanding the Conditions

Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer arises when abnormal cells of the pancreas uncontrolledly develop and create tumors. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common and arises from the pancreas ducts. Pancreatic cancer has been named a “silent killer” because its symptoms tend not to be perceived until the disease is well established and therefore early diagnosis is challenging. Referral to a skilled Pancreatic Cancer Surgeon is necessary for evaluation of whether or not operation might be considered as part of an overall plan for pancreatic cancer treatment.

Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis refers to inflammation of the pancreas. It is either acute, or sudden onset and irreversible by treatment, or chronic, or persistent, and with irreversible damage. Gallstones, excessive alcohol intake, high triglyceride, infection, or prescription drugs are causes of pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is painful and sometimes dangerous but not malignant.

Key Differences in Symptoms

Although both conditions affect the pancreas, their symptom patterns can help differentiate them.

1. Abdominal Pain

Pancreatic Cancer: Pain is often dull, located in the upper abdomen, and may radiate to the back. It tends to worsen at night or when lying down. The pain is usually progressive and persistent.
Pancreatitis: Pain is typically sharp, severe, and sudden, especially in acute cases. It can radiate to the back and often improves by leaning forward. Pain may be triggered by eating fatty meals.

2. Digestive Issues

Pancreatic Cancer: Patients may experience loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss, and indigestion. Tumors can block the bile duct, leading to jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes, dark urine, pale stools).
Pancreatitis: Nausea, vomiting, bloating, and fatty stools (steatorrhea) are common. Chronic pancreatitis may cause malabsorption and weight loss due to impaired enzyme production.

3. Systemic Symptoms

Pancreatic Cancer: Fatigue, new-onset diabetes (especially in older adults with no family history), and unexplained weight loss are red flags.
Pancreatitis: Fever and rapid heart rate may occur during acute flare-ups due to inflammation.

Differences in Causes and Risk Factors

Pancreatic Cancer

Age (most common after 60).
Family history or genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA2, Lynch syndrome).
Smoking and obesity.
Chronic pancreatitis and long-term diabetes are risk factors.

Pancreatitis

Gallstones (blockage of the pancreatic duct).
Heavy alcohol consumption.
High triglyceride levels.
Certain medications, infections, or trauma to the abdomen.

Diagnostic Approaches

Because symptoms overlap, accurate diagnosis requires medical imaging, lab tests, and sometimes biopsy.

Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer

Imaging Tests – CT scan, MRI, or PET scan to locate tumors.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) – Provides detailed images and allows for biopsy.
Biopsy – Confirms presence of cancerous cells.
Blood Tests – Tumor markers such as CA 19-9 may be elevated but are not definitive.
– Once diagnosed, patients should consult a pancreatic cancer specialist to discuss whether surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted therapy are suitable pancreatic cancer treatment options.

Diagnosis of Pancreatitis

Blood Tests – Elevated pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase) indicate inflammation.
Ultrasound – To detect gallstones or blockages.
CT Scan/MRI – Evaluates severity of inflammation or complications.
Medical History – Alcohol use, medications, or previous attacks help guide diagnosis.

Why Distinguishing Between the Two Matters

Misinterpreting the symptoms of pancreatitis as cancer—or vice versa—can delay appropriate treatment. For instance:

Pancreatitis is often reversible with treatment, lifestyle changes, or surgery if caused by gallstones. However, untreated chronic pancreatitis may increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer later.
Pancreatic Cancer, on the other hand, requires early intervention for the best outcomes. Choosing the right pancreatic cancer surgeon and treatment center improves the chances of success with surgery, chemotherapy, or other pancreatic cancer treatment approaches.

Conclusion

Although there are a few similar symptoms of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, the two diseases are quite distinct. Pancreatic cancer is a disease that has to be dealt with aggressively, whereas pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease that can many times be treated by medical care and changes in lifestyle.

The key differences lie in the pattern of pain, associated digestive issues, systemic symptoms, and diagnostic findings. Anyone experiencing persistent abdominal pain, jaundice, or unexplained weight loss should seek medical attention immediately.

Early detection—whether for cancer or pancreatitis—can make a critical difference in outcomes, improving both treatment options and quality of life. Consulting a specialized pancreatic cancer surgeons ensure that patients are given the right guidance and access to maximum pancreatic cancer treatment.

Pancreatic Cancer Screening: How It Works and What Patients Need to Know

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers, often diagnosed at a late stage when treatment options are limited. Known as a “silent disease,” it rarely shows symptoms in its early phases, which makes pancreatic cancer screening an important area of focus for doctors, researchers, and high-risk individuals.

Because early detection significantly increases the chances of successful pancreatic cancer treatment, understanding the screening process and when it is recommended can make a meaningful difference. Consulting a specialized pancreatic cancer surgeon can also help patients navigate whether screening and preventive measures are right for them.

Why Pancreatic Cancer Screening Matters

Pancreatic cancer ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its low survival rate is mainly due to delayed diagnosis—symptoms like abdominal pain, jaundice, or unexplained weight loss typically appear only in advanced stages.

Unlike other cancers, such as breast or colon cancer, there is no universal screening program for pancreatic cancer. Instead, screening is generally reserved for people who are at higher risk, including those with:

A family history of pancreatic cancer.
Known genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2, Lynch syndrome).
Chronic pancreatitis.
Long-term diabetes or sudden-onset diabetes in older adults.
Lifestyle risk factors such as smoking or obesity.

By identifying cancer earlier, patients may have access to potentially curative treatments such as surgery, which must be performed by an experienced pancreatic cancer surgeon.

Who Should Consider Pancreatic Cancer Screening?

Currently, widespread screening is not recommended for the general population. Instead, it is focused on high-risk groups, including:

Genetic Risk – Individuals carrying hereditary cancer syndromes, such as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome or mutations in BRCA1/2.
Strong Family History – Those with two or more first-degree relatives diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
Chronic Conditions – Patients with chronic pancreatitis or long-standing diabetes.
Other Risk Factors – People with obesity, tobacco use, or previous abdominal radiation exposure may be considered for closer monitoring.

For these groups, proactive screening can play a vital role in detecting precancerous lesions or tumors at a stage when surgical removal is possible.

Screening Methods for Pancreatic Cancer

While there is no single standard test for the general public, doctors use a combination of tools to evaluate high-risk patients:

1. Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)

A minimally invasive test that provides high-resolution images of the pancreas. It allows doctors to detect small tumors or cysts and, if necessary, collect tissue samples for biopsy.

2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MRCP

MRI combined with MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) provides detailed images of the pancreas and bile ducts, useful for detecting abnormalities.

3. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

High-quality CT scans help in identifying tumors and assessing their spread. While not typically used for routine screening, they are valuable in diagnosis and staging.

4. Genetic Testing

For those with a family history, genetic testing can reveal inherited mutations that increase pancreatic cancer risk.

5. Blood Tests (Biomarkers)

Tumor markers such as CA 19-9 may be elevated in pancreatic cancer, but they are not reliable for early screening. Ongoing research aims to develop more accurate blood-based screening tools.

Limitations of Pancreatic Cancer Screening

Despite advances, screening has challenges:

Not all tests can detect early cancer reliably.
False positives may cause unnecessary anxiety or procedures.
Costs and availability may limit accessibility.

Because of these limitations, screening is typically reserved for high-risk patients under the guidance of specialists.

Role of the Pancreatic Cancer Surgeon

If abnormalities are found during screening, consultation with a pancreatic cancer surgeon is crucial. These specialists evaluate whether the patient is a candidate for surgery, such as a Whipple procedure, distal pancreatectomy, or total pancreatectomy. Surgery offers the only potential cure for pancreatic cancer, but it must be done early and in experienced hands.

For patients not eligible for surgery, the surgeon works with a multidisciplinary team to recommend other pancreatic cancer treatment options, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

Advances in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment and Screening

Research continues to focus on developing better biomarkers and imaging tools to detect pancreatic cancer earlier. Some promising areas include:

Liquid biopsies, which analyze blood for tumor DNA.
Artificial intelligence in imaging, improving detection of subtle abnormalities.
Preventive surveillance programs for high-risk individuals at specialized centers.

These advancements aim to make screening more accurate and accessible, ultimately improving outcomes for patients.

Living with High Risk: What Patients Can Do

If you fall into a high-risk category, taking proactive steps can help reduce risks and improve outcomes:

Regular Check-Ups – Work with your healthcare provider to determine if screening is appropriate.
Healthy Lifestyle – Avoid smoking, maintain a healthy weight, and manage conditions like diabetes.
Genetic Counseling – Consider genetic testing if you have a family history of pancreatic cancer.
Stay Informed – Advances in screening and treatment are evolving; staying updated can empower better decisions.

Conclusion

Pancreatic cancer screening is not recommended for everyone, but it plays a crucial role for individuals at high risk. By identifying cancer or precancerous changes early, patients may have access to potentially life-saving surgery and modern pancreatic cancer treatment options.

Consulting with a specialist, including an experienced pancreatic cancer surgeon, ensures that patients receive the right evaluation, guidance, and care plan tailored to their risks. While challenges remain, ongoing research continues to bring hope for earlier detection and improved survival in pancreatic cancer.

Understanding Liver Cancer Stages and Their Impact on Treatment

Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and like many other forms of cancer, its management depends heavily on the stage at which it is diagnosed.

Understanding liver cancer stages is crucial because it helps doctors determine the best treatment plan and gives patients an idea of what to expect.

This article will explain the staging systems used in liver cancer, what each stage means, and how treatment options vary based on stage.

Why Staging Matters in Liver Cancer

Staging describes how far cancer has progressed, including the size of the tumor, whether it has spread to nearby tissues or blood vessels, and if it has reached other organs. For liver cancer, staging not only influences treatment but also provides insight into a patient’s outlook and long-term survival.

Doctors often use imaging tests, biopsies, and blood work to determine the stage of liver cancer before recommending a treatment plan.

Common Staging Systems for Liver Cancer

Several systems are used worldwide to classify liver cancer, but two are most commonly applied:

1. TNM Staging (Tumor, Node, Metastasis)

T (Tumor): Refers to the size and number of tumors in the liver and whether blood vessels are involved.
N (Node): Indicates if the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
M (Metastasis): Shows whether cancer has spread to distant organs like the lungs or bones.

This system is detailed and used in many cancer centers.

2. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Staging

The BCLC system is widely used because it not only considers the tumor size and spread but also takes into account liver function (how well the liver is working) and the patient’s overall health. It divides liver cancer into:

Stage 0 (Very Early): A single small tumor, good liver function, no symptoms.
Stage A (Early): One or a few small tumors, still good liver function.
Stage B (Intermediate): Multiple tumors, but no spread outside the liver.
Stage C (Advanced): Tumors have invaded blood vessels or spread to lymph nodes/other organs.
Stage D (End-Stage): Poor liver function and overall health, treatment focuses on comfort.

How Stages Affect Treatment

Stage 0 and Stage A (Very Early to Early)

Patients at this stage may be eligible for potentially curative treatments, such as:

Surgery (Liver Resection): Removing the portion of the liver with cancer if liver function is strong.
Liver Transplant: Recommended for patients with poor liver function or multiple small tumors.
Ablation Therapy: Using heat, cold, or alcohol to destroy tumors for patients who cannot undergo surgery.

If surgery is an option, finding the best liver cancer surgeon in Singapore offers can make a significant difference in outcomes due to expertise and access to advanced techniques.

Stage B (Intermediate)

Treatment at this stage focuses on controlling tumor growth and symptoms. Options include:

Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE): Delivers chemotherapy directly to the liver tumor through blood vessels.
Radioembolization: A similar approach using radioactive beads to target tumors.

Stage C (Advanced)

At this stage, the cancer has spread beyond the liver or into blood vessels. Curative surgery is rarely possible. Treatments include:

Targeted Therapy: Drugs such as sorafenib or lenvatinib that block cancer growth.
Immunotherapy: Medications that help the body’s immune system attack cancer cells.
Clinical Trials: Offering access to new and experimental treatments.

Stage D (End-Stage)

At this point, the liver is severely damaged, and cancer treatment may not be effective. The focus shifts to palliative care—improving quality of life, managing pain, and supporting the patient and family.

The Role of Multidisciplinary Care

Because liver cancer is closely linked to underlying liver disease such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, treatment requires input from multiple specialists. A team may include hepatologists, oncologists, surgeons, and transplant experts. Patients who qualify for surgery should seek guidance from the liver cancer surgeon in Singapore has available to explore whether resection or transplant is the right path.

Conclusion

Liver cancer staging plays a critical role in determining the best treatment pathway. From surgery and liver transplantation in the early stages to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or palliative care in advanced stages, each step is guided by how far the disease has progressed and the patient’s overall health.

By understanding liver cancer stages, patients and families can better prepare for the journey ahead, ask the right questions, and work closely with their healthcare team. Consulting the best liver cancer surgeon in Singapore can ensure that patients receive expert advice and access to the most effective treatment options.

What You Need to Know About GERD?

Acid reflux is a condition in which stomach acid flows back up from the stomach to the esophagus (food pipe). It is accompanied by a burning sensation in the chest called heartburn, which is often worse in the evenings or after meals. Acid reflux in Singapore that is persistent, occurring at least twice a week (or once a week for severe symptoms), may be a sign of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

GERD can irritate and damage the esophagus if not promptly treated. This can further lead to the formation of scar tissue that narrows and blocks the esophagus (esophageal stricture), resulting in swallowing difficulty (dysphagia). GERD can also cause esophageal ulcers and changes to the tissues in the esophagus (Barrett’s esophagus), which can contribute to an increased risk for esophageal cancer. In some cases, GERD is linked to lung problems such as asthma, bronchitis and laryngitis.

Symptoms and Causes of GERD

The main symptom of GERD is a burning sensation in the chest known as heartburn. It comes with acid regurgitation, an experience similar to vomiting and leaves a bitter or acidic taste in the mouth. Other symptoms of GERD are:

Nausea
Swallowing difficulties
Breathing difficulties
Bad breath
Tooth decay

The main cause of GERD is a weak or relaxed lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which prevents the esophagus from closing properly. This results in the stomach acid flowing back up the esophagus (acid reflux). Frequent acid reflux then develops into GERD. Factors that increase the risk of GERD include smoking, obesity , pregnancy, and certain diets and medications.

Diagnosing GERD

A gastroenterologist can diagnose GERD by reviewing the patient’s symptoms and performing diagnostic tests such as:

Barium X-ray – The patient is asked to drink a white, chalky liquid called a barium, which will coat the insides of the esophagus, stomach and intestines. An X-ray is taken immediately after. The barium will help to clearly show whether there is a blockage or narrowing in the esophagus.
Upper endoscopy – A thin, flexible and lighted instrument attached with a camera is inserted through the throat to take a loot at the esophagus and stomach. An endoscopy can also be done to take tissue samples for a biopsy, especially if cancer is suspected.
Ambulatory acid probe test – This is used to monitor the activity of acid in the esophagus. It specifically takes a look at the time (occurrence, frequency and duration) when acid is regurgitated from the stomach to the esophagus.
Esophageal pH and impedance monitoring – This is used to measure the pH levels and acid present in the esophagus and stomach for 24 hours.
Esophageal manometry – This is used to test the strength of the LES and check for abnormalities with the contractions in the esophagus while swallowing.

Treating GERD

Mild cases of GERD can be addressed with over-the-counter and prescribed medicines. These include:

Antacids help relieve heartburn and acid indigestion by neutralizing the stomach acids.
H-2 receptor blockers that help reduce acid production by up to 12 hours.
Proton pump inhibitors that help decrease acid production for a longer time to allow esophageal tissues to heal.
Baclofen that is prescribed to strengthen the LES and prevent regurgitations from occurring.

If symptoms do not improve, surgery may be recommended.

GERD or acid reflux surgery in Singapore can be done using the following methods:

Nissen fundoplication – This involves partially or completely wrapping the top portion of the stomach (fundus) around the LES in order to strengthen the LES and prevent acid reflux. Nissen fundoplication is done laparoscopically.
LINX implantation – The LINX device is a ring of magnetic beads that is positioned at the area where the esophagus connects with the stomach. It is designed to keep the LES closed to prevent acid from regurgitating, but it is also flexible enough to allow food from passing into the stomach.
Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) – Similar to Nissen fundoplication, this procedure involves tightening the LES, but instead of using the fundus, TIF makes use of polypropylene fasteners.

Other surgical procedures include tightening the LES using sutures or via radiofrequency techniques.

When to See a Doctor

A doctor who specialises in the treatment of GERD is called a gastroenterologist. It’s important to know that GERD is a chronic illness that does not go away on its own and could potentially lead to more serious illnesses if left untreated. Seek immediate medical attention if any of the following is observed:

Symptoms persist for two weeks, or worsen, despite taking medications.
Symptoms change in severity or frequency.
Symptoms are already debilitating to daily life and quality of life.
Unexplained weight loss, difficulty swallowing, chronic hoarseness, wheezing, and nausea and vomiting are present.
Abdominal pain and bloody stools, which may indicate internal bleeding

Additionally, it’s always best to see a doctor if there is chest pain, just to determine whether it is heartburn or another condition.

Benefits of Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery in Singapore refers to a number of weight loss surgery procedures that aim to address severe obesity. Such procedures work by limiting the amount of food that the stomach can hold or limiting the amount of nutrients the body absorbs, or both. As with all medical procedures, an individual should meet certain requirements to be eligible for bariatric surgery, specifically:

Extreme obesity, with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 and above
Obesity (BMI of 35 to 39.9) and with a weight-related condition such as diabetes or high blood pressure

While bariatric surgery helps with weight loss, it should not be used as an instant and permanent solution to weight gain. Interested patients should consult a dietitian or gastrointestinal surgeon in Singapore first to determine whether more conservative weight loss options are available and ideal before considering bariatric surgery.

For those who are eligible for the procedure, bariatric surgery offers the following benefits:

Improved Quality of Life

Obesity is associated with fatigue, mobility issues, physical limitations, sexual dysfunction and even pain. Those who have undergone bariatric surgery and maintained the weight through diet and lifestyle adjustments have been found to live longer and have better quality of life, as well as healthier mental and psychological states.

Reduced Risk of Depression

Being obese or overweight can be a source of isolation, anxiety and depression for some people. Especially for the younger people, the excess weight can result in low self esteem, poor body image, low confidence, increased insecurities and social stigma. Bariatric surgery helps remove excess weight and help improve a patient’s emotional health.

Improvement/Resolution of Weight-Related Conditions

One eligibility for bariatric surgery is being diagnosed with a weight-related health condition. Bariatric surgery can help reduce the risk or prevent the progression of such issues, including high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, diabetes, asthma, fatty liver, osteoarthritis, joint pain, pregnancy complications and infertility.

Long-term Success

Bariatric surgery offers an effective weight loss solution with long-term results. For instance, a vertical sleeve gastrectomy in Singapore can safely reduce the amount of food that can be eaten by a person by around half. This type of procedure is irreversible; thus the effects are good for long term.

The benefits of bariatric surgery in Singapore are also long-term. However, for optimal results, the procedure should also be accompanied by a healthy diet and lifestyle.

Tips on Keeping Up Your Diet After Bariatric Surgery

A big lifestyle change after bariatric surgery in Singapore is required. The first few months or until the first year right after you went through the procedure may come smooth and easy. Significant weight loss may be noticed immediately, but maintaining it in the following years can be challenging.

Experts says that weight loss surgery is just the first step, it should be followed by an effective lifestyle change that will last to obtain a permanent success.

What are the guidelines for eating a meal and for drinking liquids?

The general guidelines for food consumption include:

Plan to eat small portions but nutritious food throughout the day.
Maintain low calories, fats, and sweets in your diet.
Journal and monitor your calorie, protein, and amount of food intake.
Chew your food thoroughly.
Eat slowly, it should take you 20-30 minutes to finish your meal.
Refrain from rice, bread, raw vegetables, and fresh fruits.
Avoid meats that are hard to chew, eat ground meats instead.
Refrain from sugar (also foods and drinks containing sugar), concentrated sweets, and fruit juices.
During the first two months after surgery, maintain a 300 to 600 calorie intake daily with thin and thicker liquids. Afterward, calorie intake should not be over 1,000 calories per day.

The general guidelines for drinking liquids include:

Sip liquids slowly.
Do not drink liquids while eating (quit drinking 30 minutes before your meals and 30 minutes after your meals).
Drink plenty of water (or fluids with low to no-calorie) between meals to avoid dehydration.
Do not drink liquids with caffeine.
Drink a cup of fluid between your small meals (6 to 8 times a day).
Never use straws, and do not drink carbonated beverages or chew ice. Air may enter your pouch and deliver discomfort.
Do not drink alcohol after surgery. It is absorbed faster and stays longer in your body making it harder to control and slow down your weight loss.

What are the foods you may not be able to eat?

There are certain foods to avoid after bariatric surgery to avoid having problems, which include:

Hard meats. Rub tenderizer or marinate the meat, then cook it in a slow cooker or roast it using tinfoil. Ground meat is also advisable.
Fresh bread. Slices of bread toast are better.
Stringy vegetables. Remove the stringy part or blend the vegetables.
White membranes and seeds of oranges and grapefruits should be removed.
Fruit and vegetable skins. Peel them away.
Coconut.
Milk products. Prefer soymilk or low-lactose milk instead.
Sugar.

Who is a good teen candidate for bariatric surgery?

Some teens with severe obesity and suffering from weight-related health problems can be treated with bariatric surgery. Gastrointestinal surgeon in Singapore considers surgical options to reduce the worsening of their health problems in their adulthood.

After puberty, teens can be a candidate for bariatric surgery such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy in Singapore if they have:

a BMI of 35 or higher with severe health-related problems linked to obesity including type 2 diabetes or sleep apnea.
a BMI of 40 or higher with mild to moderate health problems including high blood pressure or high cholesterol.

What are the guidelines when doing exercise?

The general guidelines for doing exercise include:

Establish a regular exercise. This will burn your calories and lose your weight. You can start slowly until you get used to it if exercise is not your thing. This will help you maintain a healthy weight.
Your exercise routine should include:
- aerobic activity to increase your heart rate (with a warm-up before and cool down after).
- strengthening workout that will build your muscle.
- stretching to reduce injury

Site the importance of taking vitamins & mineral supplements

Importance of vitamins and mineral supplements.

Taking further vitamins and minerals will become a necessary part of your life for good nutrition. The quantity intake varies depending on your lab tests.
Always check the supplement label, the number of nutrients should meet your needs.

How Do I Know What Type of Bariatric Surgery Is Right for Me?

Bariatric surgery is a general term for weight-loss procedures that deal with obesity and reducing the health risks it carries, rather than aesthetic reasons. People who weigh more than 100 pounds over their ideal body weight or individuals with 40 or more Body Mass Index (BMI) can be a candidate for this. When diet and exercise don’t seem to work, surgical intervention can be an option, such as sleeve gastrectomy in Singapore.

What are the bariatric surgery options/What types of bariatric surgeries are available?

The most common types of bariatric surgery include:

Gastric bypass is a nonreversible surgery that alters your stomach and digestive system to limit the food you consume and control your body’s nutrient absorption resulting in weight loss.

The procedure offers the following benefits:

Weight loss for about 60 to 80 percent due to dietary restrictions and limited caloric absorption
Quicker initial results
Encourages your body to opt for healthier foods because sugars, fats, and carbs may deliver great discomforts.
About 96 percent of obesity-related problems are treated

Gastric bypass surgery is good for the people who have:

severe reflux disease
high BMI
diabetes

Sleeve gastrectomy also known as vertical sleeve gastrectomy in Singapore is a newer procedure that is usually performed laparoscopically removing about 80 percent of the stomach and leaving a pouch that resembles the shape and size of a banana.

Sleeve gastrectomy in Singapore offers the following benefits:

The procedure is safer and carries lesser risks than gastric bypass surgery
60-70 percent weight loss or even more
It resolves and improves many obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma, joint pains, among others
Improves mobility, thus better quality of life

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy in Singapore is good for people who have:

had multiple abdominal surgeries
high-risk in surgical operations
weight of 400-450 pounds
multiple medications for psychiatric illness treatment

Duodenal switch is a surgery collaborating sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass surgery and is one of the rare bariatric surgery for morbid obesity treatments. It includes the removal of a portion of the stomach creating the trademark sleeve. Followed by a more extensive version of gastric bypass surgery.

The procedure offers the following benefits:

Greater chance to weight loss than sleeve gastrectomy in Singapore and gastric bypass
- Better metabolic effects
- It helps resolve obesity-related conditions like type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, high blood pressure, and improve high cholesterol.
Duodenal switch is good for people who have:
- severe obesity
- severe metabolic disease
- commitment at following doctor’s instructions

What should I look for in a bariatric surgery program?

Aside from a board-certified bariatric surgeon, and great health center facility, the program should have a complete staff including dietitians, psychologists, physical therapists to help you achieve the best potential result, if possible they should have knowledge about surgical oncology in Singapore. An education program is also one point to look at. It will help you be well prepared before, during, and after the surgery. Check if the center offers long-term follow-up post-surgery as well.

How will I need to manage my condition after surgery?

Since most bariatric surgeries are non-reversible, you have to keep in touch with your health care providers for the rest of your life after the surgery. They will have to monitor your health, especially when you rapidly lose weight in the first 6 months or more. Your weight loss is more likely at its peak in the first year or so.

Adaptation to your new diet will be instructed by your medical team. You may be on liquid nutrition for a few weeks, followed by soft foods, until you can eat solid foods. Over time, you’ll know when your new stomach is full. It varies depending on the type of surgery you had. Eating too much or too quickly may cause you abdominal discomforts or vomiting.

How Does Bariatric Surgery Work?

Bariatric surgery refers to a group of weight-loss procedures designed to address severe obesity and achieve weight loss that cannot be attained through diet and exercise alone. It works by limiting the amount of food that the stomach can hold, reducing the amount of nutrients that the body absorbs, or both.

Bariatric surgery is a major procedure that is also recommended to address weight-related health concerns such as heart disease and diabetes. In surgical oncology in Singapore, bariatric surgery may also be advised to prevent obesity-related types of cancer.

Who should go for bariatric surgery?

Bariatric surgery should not be considered as an instant weight loss treatment. As with all major procedures, certain requirements need to be met before any form of bariatric surgery in Singapore is advised, as follows:

The patient is extremely obese, having a body mass index (BMI) of 37.5 or higher, or is overweight by 100 pounds or more.
The patient is obese, having a BMI of 32.5 or higher and suffers from a weight-related health condition.

The patient’s medical history, pre-existing health conditions and general expectations about the procedure will also be considered.

What are the types of bariatric surgery in Singapore?

There are many types of bariatric surgery available in Singapore, including:

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass – The most common form of bariatric surgery, the gastric bypass involves stapling or banding a portion of the stomach to create a smaller stomach pouch, thereby limiting the amount of food it can hold. The surgeon then cuts part of the small intestine and directly attaches it to the new stomach pouch. This causes the food to bypass parts of the digestive system, reducing the amounts of calories and nutrients that will be absorbed. A gastric bypass is non-reversible.
Gastric band – This technique involves placing an inflatable band around the top portion of the stomach. Through a port that is placed in the abdomen underneath the skin, the band can be tightened (inflated) to create a small stomach pouch that holds less food. Unlike a gastric bypass, the gastric band technique is reversible.
Gastric balloon – A deflated balloon is inserted through the mouth and throat and into the stomach. This balloon is then filled with air or a saline solution to limit the amount of food that the stomach can hold. This technique is meant for temporary use, only recommended for use of up to 6 months.
Sleeve gastrectomy – This procedure involves surgically removing or stapling large portions (around 80 to 85%) of the stomach, resulting in a thinner and more tubular stomach shape. Sleeve gastrectomy in Singapore is fairly new, and is non-reversible and permanent.

What type of bariatric surgery is suitable for me?

Each type of bariatric surgery offers its own set of advantages but also carries its own risks. The choice of technique that is right for the patient will depend on his or her overall health and expectations, as well as the recommendation of his or her doctor.

For example, a gastric bypass is typically recommended for patients suffering from diabetes or severe acid reflux, while sleeve gastrectomy is recommended for high-risk patients (with weight-related health concerns) or those who’ve previously had abdominal surgeries.

A consultation with the doctor can help you determine which type of bariatric surgery is good for you, if you’re considering undergoing the procedure.